Criterion–related validity was supported by significant correlations between the PHQ–9 and criterion measures. The PHQ–9 manifested a Cronbach Alph are liability index of 0.86. Instruments to determine criterion validity were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), designed to detect symptoms of mental disorders the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form for Adults (MHC–SF) which measures the degree of emotional, social and psychological well–being and the New General Self–Efficacy Scale (NGSE) designed to measure an individual’s general self–efficacy.ĭescriptive statistics for the PHQ–9 including its reliability in the various groups is reported. The PHQ–9 was administered with criterion related measures to a multicultural convenience sample of 2214 participants from the North West Province of South Africa, including two groups of adolescents (n1 = 1480 and n2 = 559) and an availability sample of adults (n3 = 185). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ–9) is a nine–item depression scale that has the potential of being a dual–purpose instrument to establish the diagnosis of a depressive disorder, as well as the grade of symptom severity (Kroenke, Spitzer & Williams, 2001). This study forms part of the project of Psychosocial Health and Biomarkers in an African context (FORT3, Wissing, 2008). This research was aimed at validating the PHQ–9 in an African context.
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